The Nobel Prize in Medicine for clarifying how the immune system is controlled
Assisted by Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi will receive the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Academy explains that the body's immune system is under strict control to distinguish between its own molecules and strangers, thus avoiding attacks on healthy organs and cells. Assisted by Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi clarified how this control works. In fact, they identified the security guards of the immune system: Regulatory T cells.
In the words of the Chairman of the Nobel Committee, “their findings have been instrumental in understanding how the immune system works and why we do not all develop serious autoimmune diseases.” Based on these findings, new pathways are being tested in the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and transplantation.
Regulatory T cells
The first fundamental discovery was made by Shimon Sakaguchi in 1995. Until then, the researchers believed that this was the key to immune tolerance: When T cells are formed, they undergo a control mechanism in the thymus, destroying those that are harmful to their own molecules. This mechanism is called central tolerance.
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