HIV-positive parents, healthy children
In Osakidetza, only this laboratory in Galdakao-Usansolo performs sperm washing processes. They've been doing it for two years.
JOSÉ MARÍA ÁRCETA; HOSPITAL GALDAKAO-USANSOLO: The AIDS virus is not found in the sperm cells, but in the surrounding fluid, seminal plasma. What you have to do is, it's a process that takes 8-10 hours to clean the sperm.
This procedure allows them to fertilize the egg without the risk of infecting the woman if the man is a carrier of HIV in a couple, introducing the purified semen into the woman's uterus by artificial insemination.
JOSÉ MARÍA ÁRCETA; HOSPITAL GALDAKAO-USANSOLO: Of the cases worldwide, estimated at 4,000 to 5,000, no one has ever been infected by these treatments. For now, the certainty is 100%.
In the opposite case, when the HIV carrier is female, artificial fertilization will be performed. Thus, there will be no risk of the male being infected with the HIV virus.
The next challenge is to prevent the pregnant woman who is a carrier of the HIV virus from infecting the child. Thanks to antiretrovirals, this is a goal that has already been largely achieved.
If a pregnant woman does not take antiretrovirals, she will have a 25% risk of transmitting the disease to the baby. If you also breastfeed, this risk will reach 40%.
However, taking antiretrovirals will completely change the situation. The risk will be 1%, it will almost disappear. Antiretrovirals significantly
decrease the viral load in the blood, i.e., the amount of virus, until it is almost eliminated.
At the time of childbirth, if the mother has less than 40 copies of the virus in her blood, the risk has almost completely disappeared. Proof of this is the good health of children born in this situation in the last 8-10 years.
KOLDO AGIRREBENGOA; HOSPITAL DE CRUCES: What happens to us now? When we have seen that the treatment is good, the goal we have set in the Basque Country is 0, that is, that no child is born infected by his mother. Women who have not taken antiretrovirals during pregnancy have
an opportunity to reduce their risk at the time of delivery. If a C-section is performed, the chances of infecting the child will decrease from
25% to 12%. Amak ez ezik, umeak ere jasotzen du antirretrobiral-tratamendua jaio eta berehala, 45 egunez. it will not be known until after 2 and a half years if the child has an HIV virus in the
blood. JUNCAL ETXEBERRIA; DONOSTIA OSPITELEA: You'll have HIV positive antibodies, but that doesn't mean you're infected, what does that mean? If the mother has passed her antibodies, the tests will be positive but we will not know if she has passed the virus yet, we will need a period of years and 18 months to know if the mother has passed the virus or not. If the mother has not infected the child, after these two years the child will not produce antibodies or defenses against HIV, and the mother will
lose the past. If the child is an HIV carrier, his or her body will produce defenses against HIV.
The transmission of HIV is almost completely under control. The most important thing now is for all women to have access to treatment and, for this, to know their condition.
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