What is the Supernova Impulse Network 1987 A?

1990/01/01 Arregi Bengoa, Jesus Iturria: Elhuyar aldizkaria

• Astronomia

As we mentioned in the previous issue, in the last month of March J. In Kristia and his companions, the detection of the radiation emitted by the pulsation network that can be generated as a result of supernova 205 A was reported. Astrophysicists do not question neutron star formation. It was measured when the supernova appeared because it is the effect predicted by the theory that describes this formation. Therefore, it was thought that the aforementioned observation could confirm the theoretical predictions, but the details of the radiation received, far from clarifying things, have opened doubts among scientists, as we will try to explain them immediately.

J. The observations made in Kristia and his companions were made on January 18, 1989 and since then no new detections have been reported. Although it may not be comprehensible, the radiation received presents two surprising peculiarities: on the one hand, the high value of the speed of rotation of the network and on the other, the sinusoidal variation of the frequency of the radiation.

As for the first, it should be noted that, as mentioned in the previous article, pulse signals indicate that the spinning speed of the neutron star is 2000 (revolutions per second). Speed at this level can hardly be accepted within our theory of describing the evolution of pulsation. As is known, the neutron star is formed by a collapse caused by the force of gravity. 99% of protons and electrons in the matter of the star participating in the contraction merge to form neutrons. Then, in the field of Quantum Mechanics, the so-called degenerate pressure between neutrons combats the pressure of gravity, preventing total collapse

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The following steps give us the state equations of degenerated matter. However, to understand the problem of the turning speed of 2000, a subsequent reasoning based on the conservation of the angular momentum (L = cm) will suffice. When a star of a given mass contracts to form the net, as the radius decreases, the turning speed must increase so that L remains constant. The contraction in the network formation process is huge, so it considerably increases the turning speed. Logically, this process also has its limitations that will limit the increase in speed. If the centrifugal force exceeded the pull of gravity, it would destroy the star.

Examples of the results of applying this reasoning are: The Earth's turning period has an approximate limit of 80 minutes, that of the Sun of approximately 4 hours and the whitest dwarf, before finding the pulsations that were the densest stars, of about 10 seconds. As we say, the spinning speed of neutron stars also has a higher terminal. As for the theory that tries to describe matter in such special conditions, researchers use different state equations, with which the high terminal changes. Different equations provide different mass/radio-relations to obtain different velocity.

However, according to all equations, higher mass less radius and higher speed value. With all this, it seems that for the neutron star it is enough to assume a suitable mass so that the upper terminal of the spinning speed is greater than that of 2000. But along this path we find another limit: the maximum mass. The mass of the bracelets cannot exceed a value, otherwise the degenerated pressure would not be enough to maintain the force of gravity. That is, instead of forming the pulnet a black hole would form.

Summarizing the conclusions reached so far, it is worth mentioning that only those who use the greatest mass/radius ratios in all state equations admit a turning speed of 2000 wounded (i.e., a period of 0.5 milliseconds) and, among them, the pulsation of their mass very close to the limit of black holes could reach that speed. Another fact that still confuses a little more is that the maximum masses that admit these special state equations are inferior to those that have been experimentally measured to date. The values of the latter are approximately 1.4 times those of the Sun.

Let us now analyze the second singularity. As indicated above, this is the variation in the frequency of radiation that came from pulsation. This change was also almost sinusoidal. Therefore, it could be thought that this periodicity would have been due to the team with which the observations were made, but some of the checks made did not confirm this hypothesis. For example, when the supernova observations were finished and the telescope directed toward another object the effect disappeared. Discarding this option, it is necessary to find physical explanations of the variation in the frequency of radiation.

If the change is considered a consequence of the Doppler effect produced by an orbital motion, the mass of the auxiliary star should be 0.0001 times that of the Sun (approx. Jupiter). Despite the sessions, this auxiliary body has not been seen either. The reason for non-vision, if the body really exists, is the cloud opacity created by the supernova. Although the exterior is optically transparent after a year, for the rest of the spectrum does not occur the same and, of course, the interior is completely hidden. This center is much denser, but the turbulence is also very strong. Consequently, transparency conditions are variable and different in the different regions.

Now we have to take up another detail that we have left unclear at first. January 18 of last year was collected and the reason we can receive the radiation we are studying must be found in a turbulence that opened a point of light in the direction of the Earth. But this hypothesis, like other problems we have mentioned so far, raises a new question: why hasn't another light bulb been made later (a year has passed)?

Other scientists, on the contrary, have tried to seek answers outside the strict limits of theory for the problems we discussed above, but they are not. We will mention a single interval that proposes that radiations are not produced by rotation, but by vibrations (radio changes). If so, the vibrations would be attenuated in a few days when coupled with the twist, which would be the cause of the lack of further information. But Q. Wang and his collaborators, proponents of the idea, do not explain the mechanism of generating vibrations or how they can produce pulses.

As usually happens when dealing with current issues, this time perhaps we have not clarified the problems, but delimitate unanswered questions.