"The two greatest mysteries of cosmology today are dark matter and dark energy"
"The two greatest mysteries of cosmology today are dark matter and dark energy"
Yes, cosmology is an international sphere, so I mean that we have many collaborations with cosmologists from other countries. That is why you have to travel a lot in this work.
This post was founded in the XVI by a man named Henry Savile. In the twentieth century. One of the first to occupy the post was Christopher Wren, a prestigious London architect. Wren was an astronomer before being an architect. It is just an example. It is a very old work.
Yes, it's something like that. And it is rewarding to be the successor of these great people. In comparison with them I am very small, but being in the job is very interesting.
It is a wonderful city. It has managed to maintain the atmosphere of the last centuries. It has ancient and beautiful buildings, but they have not lost the university life, since the students still live in them.
History is something like this: if the universe were totally homogeneous, no structure would be created. There would be no galaxies or stars. But at the beginning of the universe there were small fluctuations, that is, the density in some areas was somewhat greater than in others. These fluctuations supposedly disappeared by cooling the radiation of the universe. They slowed down. But not all. The largest fluctuations were maintained, because gravity kept them together. And these fluctuations attracted and collected many matters. At first they became large clouds of dust and later galaxies.
Thus, damping is a process of destruction of small fluctuations. And my contribution is to find that the radiation was kept in the form of microwave background radiation. We can study that radiation. We measure the temperature fluctuation levels, interpret this data and follow up on the buffer process.
The two largest mysteries of cosmology today are dark matter and dark energy. Matter is the raw material of galaxies, and we (and stars) are formed by a small part of that matter; the other we call it dark matter and do not know what it is. And in addition, the universe is filled with dark energy, which is accelerating.
In fact, the field of dark matter is the object of study of the physics of particles, because we believe that dark matter is made of elementary particles. These particles have a very weak interaction with conventional matter, they are invisible (at least we cannot see them) and we hope that with the LHC accelerator of the CERN laboratory some proof of their existence is achieved. At the same time, astronomers are designing experiments to detect these particles. Therefore, there are two ways to look for dark matter.
That is. We know what we are looking for in each experiment, but the problem is that they are very difficult experiments and the results we get are not very representative, there is a lot of background noise and great cosmic oscillations, so we have very confusing results. We need, therefore, greater experiments to obtain many more data and to make the results more reliable. We still do not have those experiments, but they will soon come. Therefore, for the moment there are great expectations and we have indications that something we will find. But there is a lot of debate and the results we get are not at all reliable.
We know the age of the universe. That's 13.7 billion years. We give for good this number. Therefore, in present-day cosmology, the age of the universe is not subject to discussion. However, we are trying to measure that age more accurately; as you improve accuracy, you better understand many other features of the universe. But right now we have no problems with age.
Well, according to some cosmological theories (which are not of general relativity), the topology of the universe is nothing simple. The simplest topology means that all parts of the universe are connected. But in other topologies, part of the space is not at all connected with others. A donut is a good example, there is a hole in the center and the outside is not connected to the one inside the hole. The universe may have such a rare topology. We have to experiment to look for evidence, since we have no evidence that the universe has the simplest topology.
The concept of multiverse arises to explain the mystery of dark energy, one of the great challenges of physics. Besides the reasoning of the existence of the multiple, there is no way to explain whether or not there is dark energy. But for some scientists, the theory of multiverse is not really within physics. Others argue that without this one cannot explain the influence of dark energy or why universal constants have values that we measure and not others. There is no other explanation and therefore it seems to me a very interesting topic. We expect some quick scientist to appear who invents a way to measure the concept experimentally. But now we are very far from there.
In that sense, I think it's like mathematics. We believe that some theorems can be demonstrated mathematically, and you can also demonstrate mathematically that to understand the values of certain constants of nature there can only be one verse. Mathematics does not show it to 100%, but it is a fairly solid argument. It is more than a mere faith, behind there is a scientific argument. But on the other hand, as we speak of physics, and not mathematics, we need a proof of the existence of the multisixth.
There are possible programs. For example, if we could build a worm hole (and according to Einstein's theory it could be done), we could travel to another universe. It is very theoretical, but there is the principle, which places it closer to physics than it gives to the beginning.
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