Time trial

• The agreed document will affect greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, perfluorohydrocarbons and fluorocarbons, sulfur fluoride (VI) and carbon fluoride (IV). The average reduction will be 5.2%.
• Deadlines have been established between 2008-2012 for industrialized countries to reduce their emissions according to 1990. From this period the measures remain to be finalized.
• The so-called emissions exchange allows the country that has not fulfilled the commitment to buy the share of the country that has not exceeded the emission limit.

PARTICIPANTS

• Representatives of 165 governments, that is, the signatory states of the Framework Agreement on Climate Change in Berlin. The United Nations has been in charge of organizing the conference and has coordinated from the city of Bonn.
• 2,000 scientists participating in the International Panel on Climate Change. Experts in climate, environmental impact and economics meet at least three times a year. Prepare technical reports and set up discussion points for States adhering to the Agreement.
• Environmental groups or non-governmental organizations. The Climate Action Network is the main focal point with more than 160 organizations. They are organizations of different profile and influence, which generally act as pressure groups at these summits. All summits held to date have participated in alternative forums.
• Industry. In Kyoto there have been groups representing the interests of companies that mainly exploit fossil fuels. The most important are the Global Climate Coalition group, funded by General Motors, Chrisler, Shell and Texacco. Recently, however, companies concerned with climate change have also begun to structure themselves to advance this large economic group. The most representative are renewable energy companies and large insurance companies.

BACKGROUND

Official name of the Kyoto Summit 3rd Framework Convention on Climate Change It is a congress. Before the Japan meeting, the following sessions were held to reflect on the climate situation:

Toronto Conference (1988)
International Climate Conference (1990-1991) Rio
Earth Summit
(1992) First Berlin Climate Summit (1995) Geneva
Climate Summit (1996)

Before the Berlin meeting, all members of the United Nations had the right to participate in these meetings, but since the first summit they are only open to the governments that have signed the Framework Agreement.

Why hasn't a more effective commitment been achieved?

The inability of the Kyoto agreement to capture the tastes and interests of all representatives was known. Countries most affected by violent climate change, especially the Association of Small Islands Threatened by the Sea (AOSIS), have requested a 20% reduction in emissions compared to 90 levels, but industrialized states have not exceeded 5%. It was very difficult to interact. In vain have been the prestigious attempts made by the environmental groups at the Conference Hall in Kyoto and, finally, the expectations have been met: somehow a solution has been adopted so that it does not manifest too much before the citizens. The final solution seems to be taken at the next summit.